Developing Healthcare Robotics: A Comprehensive Guide from Simulation to Implementation Using NVIDIA Isaac

Introduction In the field of healthcare robotics, the integration of simulation technologies is redefining how developers approach the design, testing, and deployment of robotic systems. Traditional methods have often been hindered by lengthy prototyping cycles and challenges in translating simulated outcomes to real-world applications. Recent advancements, particularly with NVIDIA’s Isaac for Healthcare platform, are addressing these challenges, facilitating a streamlined workflow from simulation to deployment. This blog post aims to elucidate these developments and their implications for Generative AI models and applications within the healthcare sector, particularly focusing on the benefits for GenAI scientists. Main Goal of the Original Post The primary objective of the original blog post is to guide developers in constructing a healthcare robot using the NVIDIA Isaac for Healthcare framework, emphasizing the streamlined transition from simulation to real-world deployment. Achieving this goal involves leveraging the SO-ARM (Surgical Operational Autonomous Robotic Manipulator) starter workflow, which enables developers to collect data, train models, and deploy them effectively in real-world settings. Advantages of the SO-ARM Starter Workflow Reduction in Prototyping Time: The integration of GPU-accelerated simulation allows developers to reduce the prototyping phase from months to days. This acceleration is critical in the fast-paced healthcare environment where time-to-market can significantly impact patient care. Enhanced Model Accuracy: By utilizing a mix of real-world and synthetic data for training, the accuracy of the robotic models is significantly improved. Over 93% of training data can be sourced from simulations, effectively bridging the data gap typically faced in robotics. Safer Innovation: The ability to test and validate robotic workflows in safe, controlled virtual environments minimizes the risks associated with deploying untested systems in actual operating rooms. End-to-End Pipeline: The SO-ARM workflow provides a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data collection, model training, and policy deployment, facilitating a seamless transition from development to real-world application. Versatile Training Techniques: The blended approach of using approximately 70 simulation episodes alongside 10-20 real-world episodes allows for policies that generalize effectively beyond training scenarios, enhancing the robot’s adaptability in diverse environments. Limitations and Caveats While the advancements in the SO-ARM workflow present numerous benefits, several limitations warrant consideration. The reliance on simulation data, although substantial, may not fully capture all real-world complexities, which could affect the robot’s performance in unpredictable scenarios. Additionally, the hardware requirements for deploying these systems can be significant, necessitating investments in advanced computational resources. Future Implications of AI Developments in Healthcare Robotics The trajectory of AI development in healthcare robotics indicates a profound impact on the industry. As generative models evolve, the capacity for these systems to learn from increasingly complex datasets will enhance their operational effectiveness. Future iterations of platforms like NVIDIA’s Isaac for Healthcare are likely to incorporate more sophisticated AI-driven capabilities, allowing for more autonomous decision-making in surgical settings. Additionally, as the technology matures, we can anticipate broader adoption across various healthcare settings, leading to improved patient outcomes and operational efficiencies. Conclusion The advancements facilitated by NVIDIA’s Isaac for Healthcare and the SO-ARM starter workflow are pivotal in transforming the landscape of healthcare robotics. By enabling a streamlined process from simulation to deployment, these technologies not only enhance the speed and accuracy of robotic systems but also pave the way for future innovations in the field. For GenAI scientists, this represents an exciting frontier, combining the power of generative AI with practical applications that can significantly improve healthcare delivery. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

Shoosmiths’ Successful Pavlovian AI Experiment: Implications for the Future

Context: The Pavlovian Experiment in Legal AI Adoption Shoosmiths, a prominent UK law firm, has recently implemented an innovative approach to incentivize its staff in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically Microsoft Copilot. By linking staff rewards to the volume of prompts entered into the system, the firm has successfully reached a milestone of one million prompts, resulting in a £1 million bonus pool for its employees. This initiative underscores the belief that incentivizing behavior through financial rewards can drive engagement with technology in the legal sector. The firm’s commitment to legal innovation was publicly emphasized during the announcement of this initiative, which was framed as part of its broader strategy to enhance operational efficiency and client service delivery. However, the effectiveness of this approach raises important questions about the depth of AI integration within legal workflows. Main Goal and Achievement Pathways The overarching goal of Shoosmiths’ initiative is to enhance operational efficiency through the adoption of AI technology. By incentivizing staff to utilize AI tools, the firm aims to streamline repetitive tasks, thereby allowing legal professionals to focus on higher-value activities. To achieve this, firms must not only encourage the use of AI for low-level tasks but also integrate these tools into critical legal processes where they can offer substantial value. Advantages and Limitations of the Initiative Several advantages can be drawn from Shoosmiths’ approach to AI adoption: Enhanced Efficiency: The use of AI tools like Microsoft Copilot is reported to increase efficiency in basic tasks such as email quality checks, summarization, and meeting management. This can free up valuable time for legal professionals to engage in more complex legal matters. Financial Incentives: The introduction of a bonus system based on AI usage serves as a motivational tool, encouraging staff to familiarize themselves with new technology and potentially fostering a culture of innovation within the firm. Early Adoption of Legal Technology: By being an early adopter of AI tools, Shoosmiths positions itself as a leader in legal innovation, setting a precedent for other firms in the industry. However, there are notable caveats and limitations to consider: Shallow Integration: The current use of AI appears to be limited to basic administrative tasks, which may not significantly impact the firm’s core legal functions. There is a lack of engagement with deeper legal workflows that could leverage AI for more substantial benefits. Potential for Misaligned Incentives: The reward structure may inadvertently encourage staff to generate low-value prompts rather than strategically integrating AI into their workflow, potentially leading to inefficiencies. Exclusion of Legal Expertise: The firm has clarified that AI tools are not utilized for tasks requiring legal expertise, thus limiting the potential impact of AI on critical legal processes. Future Implications of AI Development in the Legal Sector The implications of ongoing advancements in AI technology for the legal sector are profound. As AI tools become more sophisticated, their integration into legal workflows is likely to evolve, offering opportunities for significant improvements in efficiency and client service. Future developments may enable AI to handle more complex legal tasks, such as contract analysis or predictive legal research. Additionally, firms that leverage AI effectively may gain a competitive edge by providing faster, more accurate services to clients. However, this potential is contingent on a strategic approach to AI adoption that goes beyond mere incentivization of usage. Legal firms must critically assess how AI can be integrated into their core practices, ensuring that it adds tangible value to both internal processes and client outcomes. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

GFN Thursday: Analyzing ‘Hogwarts Legacy’ Performance on GeForce NOW

Contextual Framework of Cloud Gaming and Generative AI The landscape of digital entertainment has evolved dramatically, particularly with the advent of cloud gaming platforms such as GeForce NOW. As evidenced by recent releases like Fallout: New Vegas and Hogwarts Legacy, these platforms not only enhance accessibility but also provide gamers with an expansive library of titles without the burdensome need for high-end hardware. This shift is paralleled in the Generative AI Models & Applications sector, where AI technologies are increasingly integrated into gaming to facilitate richer experiences and personalization. The intersection of cloud gaming and AI technology presents a unique opportunity for Generative AI scientists to contribute to and shape this burgeoning field. Main Goals and Achievements The primary goal presented in the original blog post revolves around maximizing the gaming experience through the cloud, thereby ensuring that players can engage with their favorite titles seamlessly and without the constraints typically associated with traditional gaming setups. Achieving this involves leveraging advanced AI algorithms to optimize graphics rendering, reduce latency, and enhance overall gameplay performance. Furthermore, cloud gaming platforms are designed to provide instant access to a variety of games, allowing users to engage with different gaming universes effortlessly. Advantages of Cloud Gaming and AI Integration Accessibility: Cloud gaming platforms allow users to play high-fidelity games on low-end devices, broadening the gaming demographic. Immediate Engagement: Players can quickly switch between games, which is crucial in maintaining user interest and engagement. Enhanced Visuals and Performance: Utilizing AI-driven technologies like NVIDIA’s DLSS 4, gamers can experience superior graphics and smoother gameplay. Seamless Updates and Maintenance: Cloud platforms manage updates automatically, ensuring that users always have the latest version without additional downloads. Cost Efficiency: By eliminating the need for expensive hardware, players can invest in their gaming experience without substantial upfront costs. However, it is essential to consider potential limitations such as reliance on internet connectivity, which may affect performance in areas with inconsistent bandwidth. Future Implications of AI Developments in Gaming The integration of AI in gaming is poised to evolve significantly in the coming years. As advancements in Generative AI continue, we can expect more personalized gaming experiences that adapt to individual player preferences and skill levels. Future developments may also include enhanced AI-driven NPC behaviors, leading to more immersive and dynamic in-game environments. Furthermore, the ongoing refinement of cloud infrastructure is likely to reduce latency issues, making real-time interactions more fluid and responsive. This will not only improve player satisfaction but may also attract a larger audience to the gaming world. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

Judicial Rejection of Alexi’s Urgent Petition to Reinstate Fastcase Data Access

Context of the Legal Dispute The ongoing legal battle between Fastcase and the AI legal research platform Alexi has recently garnered attention following a significant ruling in favor of Fastcase. In a pivotal decision, U.S. District Judge Richard J. Leon denied Alexi’s emergency motion for a temporary restraining order, which sought to compel Fastcase to reinstate Alexi’s access to its proprietary legal database. This ruling underscores the complexities of data licensing agreements within the rapidly evolving LegalTech landscape, where access to accurate and comprehensive legal data is paramount for legal professionals. The implications of this legal decision extend beyond the immediate parties involved, affecting the broader field of legal research and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in legal practice. Main Goal and Achievement The primary objective of the legal proceedings appears to center around the enforcement of data licensing agreements and the safeguarding of proprietary information within the LegalTech sector. By denying Alexi’s request, the court has reinforced the notion that access to legal data is contingent upon adherence to established licensing frameworks. Achieving a harmonious balance between innovation and the protection of intellectual property rights is essential for fostering a sustainable environment in which AI technologies can thrive while ensuring that legal professionals have access to the resources they require for effective research and case management. Advantages of the Ruling Preservation of Proprietary Data: The court’s decision highlights the importance of protecting proprietary legal data, thereby ensuring that companies like Fastcase can continue to invest in and develop their platforms without the threat of unauthorized access. Clarity in Licensing Agreements: The ruling emphasizes the need for clear and enforceable data licensing agreements, which benefits legal professionals by providing a more predictable framework for accessing legal resources. Encouragement of Ethical AI Development: By upholding the integrity of data licensing, the decision encourages AI developers to create solutions that respect existing legal frameworks, thereby promoting ethical practices within the industry. Stability in Legal Research Tools: The ruling could lead to greater stability within the legal research tools available to professionals, as companies feel more secure in their proprietary investments. It is important to note, however, that this ruling may also have limitations. While it protects proprietary interests, it could also lead to potential restrictions on access to vital legal resources for smaller firms or new entrants in the market, ultimately affecting competition and innovation. Future Implications of AI in LegalTech The developments in this case serve as a microcosm of the broader trends within LegalTech, particularly regarding the integration of AI in legal research. As AI technologies continue to advance, their ability to enhance legal research efficiency and accuracy will likely increase. However, this will also necessitate ongoing legal scrutiny concerning data access and licensing. Future implications may include: Increased Regulation: As AI becomes more prevalent in legal services, regulatory frameworks may evolve to address potential challenges related to data usage and intellectual property. Enhanced Collaboration: Legal professionals may see increased opportunities for collaboration with AI developers, leading to innovations that can improve legal outcomes. Focus on Compliance: Legal firms will likely need to prioritize compliance with evolving data licensing agreements, ensuring that they leverage AI tools responsibly and ethically. In conclusion, the recent ruling favoring Fastcase represents a significant moment within the LegalTech sector, reaffirming the necessity of protecting proprietary data while navigating the complexities introduced by AI. As the landscape continues to evolve, legal professionals must remain vigilant and informed about the implications of these developments on their practice. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

Goodwin Launches Innovative Fixed Fee Tool for Enhanced Legal Cost Management

Contextualizing Innovations in Legal Pricing The legal industry is undergoing transformative changes, particularly in the realm of pricing strategies. A notable development is the introduction of PERSUIT’s Fixed-Fee Price Benchmarking tool by Goodwin Procter, which positions itself as a pioneering force within the sector. This tool marks a significant departure from traditional hourly billing practices, offering a forward-thinking approach to legal service pricing. As legal professionals increasingly confront the challenges posed by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and efficiency, the necessity of adopting fixed fee structures becomes paramount. The Main Goal of Fixed-Fee Pricing Implementation The primary objective of Goodwin Procter’s deployment of the PERSUIT tool is to enhance pricing predictability and transparency in legal services. By leveraging anonymized and aggregated data from historical proposals, the tool empowers legal practitioners to make informed pricing decisions. This transformation aims to alleviate the friction commonly associated with pricing discussions between legal firms and their clients, thereby fostering a more collaborative and efficient working relationship. Advantages of Fixed-Fee Pricing Implementing fixed-fee pricing through tools like PERSUIT offers several advantages: Enhanced Pricing Transparency: By providing benchmarks that are devoid of firm-specific or client-specific data, the tool facilitates a clearer understanding of competitive pricing within the legal market. Increased Efficiency: The tool enables faster pricing responses, allowing legal professionals to meet clients’ demands for quicker turnaround times while maintaining competitive rates. Improved Client Relationships: The predictability associated with fixed fees enhances client confidence in budgeting for legal services, ultimately leading to stronger partnerships. Data-Driven Decision Making: The utilization of aggregated insights allows firms to base their pricing strategies on empirical data rather than subjective assessments, which can lead to more competitive offerings. Reduction of Billing Conflicts: By shifting focus away from hourly billing, the tool mitigates common disputes related to billable hours, creating a smoother financial interaction. However, it is essential to acknowledge potential limitations. For instance, while fixed-fee arrangements can streamline pricing, they may not be suitable for all types of legal work, particularly those that are unpredictable or highly complex. Future Implications of AI in Legal Pricing The integration of AI within legal pricing structures is poised to impact the industry significantly. As AI technologies advance, they will likely enhance tools like PERSUIT by further refining data analytics capabilities, thereby increasing the accuracy and reliability of pricing benchmarks. Moreover, as legal professionals continue to adapt to these innovations, there may be a broader cultural shift within the legal sector towards embracing value-based pricing models. This shift could ultimately lead to a more client-centric approach in legal service provision, where the quality of service and client satisfaction take precedence over traditional billing methods. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

FunctionGemma: A Compact Edge Model for Natural Language Control of Mobile Devices

Introduction The recent launch of FunctionGemma by Google marks a pivotal development within the realm of Generative AI models and applications. As the industry continues to explore advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly within mobile environments, FunctionGemma emerges as a specialized solution aimed at enhancing reliability and efficiency in application development. This blog post will contextualize the significance of FunctionGemma, elucidate the main goals of its deployment, outline its advantages, discuss potential limitations, and reflect on future implications for AI technologies and their impact on Generative AI scientists. Contextualizing FunctionGemma FunctionGemma is a compact AI model comprising 270 million parameters, specifically designed to address one of the most pressing challenges in modern application development: achieving reliability at the edge. Unlike traditional general-purpose chatbots, FunctionGemma focuses on a singular purpose—translating natural language commands into executable code for applications and devices, all while operating independently of cloud connectivity. This strategic pivot by Google emphasizes a growing trend towards the utilization of Small Language Models (SLMs) that can run locally on diverse devices such as smartphones, browsers, and IoT systems. For AI engineers and enterprise builders, FunctionGemma represents a novel architectural paradigm—a privacy-centric “router” capable of executing intricate logic on-device with minimal latency. Main Goal and Achievement Mechanism The primary objective of FunctionGemma is to bridge the “execution gap” prevalent in generative AI applications. Standard large language models, while effective in conversation, often falter when tasked with initiating specific software actions on resource-constrained devices. FunctionGemma seeks to remedy this by offering a fine-tuned model that significantly increases accuracy in function calling tasks, thus enhancing the device’s capability to interpret and execute user commands reliably. Achieving this goal involves training the model on a dedicated dataset, optimizing it specifically for mobile applications, and ensuring its seamless integration with existing development frameworks. Advantages of FunctionGemma 1. **Enhanced Accuracy**: Initial evaluations indicated that generic small models achieved a mere 58% accuracy in function calling tasks. Upon fine-tuning, FunctionGemma demonstrated an impressive accuracy rate of 85%, indicating its ability to perform comparably to larger models while operating efficiently on local devices. 2. **Local Execution**: By processing commands on-device, FunctionGemma minimizes latency, ensuring that actions are executed instantaneously without the delays associated with server communication. This capability is particularly advantageous in applications requiring real-time responses. 3. **Privacy and Data Security**: The local execution model means that sensitive personal data, such as contacts and calendar entries, remains on the user’s device, significantly reducing privacy risks associated with cloud-based processing. 4. **Cost Efficiency**: Developers utilizing FunctionGemma circumvent the costs associated with per-token API fees that are common in larger cloud models. This makes FunctionGemma an economically viable option for simple interactions and reduces operational expenses for enterprises. 5. **Versatility and Compatibility**: FunctionGemma is designed to integrate seamlessly with various development ecosystems, including Hugging Face Transformers and NVIDIA NeMo libraries, allowing for a broad range of applications and use cases. Limitations and Caveats While FunctionGemma presents numerous advantages, it is essential to consider certain limitations. The model’s performance is contingent on its specific training for function calling tasks, meaning that its effectiveness may diminish if applied to broader, less-defined use cases. Moreover, although Google markets FunctionGemma as an “open model,” it operates under custom licensing terms that impose restrictions on certain uses, which may limit its applicability in some contexts. Future Implications The introduction of FunctionGemma signals a shift towards more localized AI solutions, potentially reshaping the landscape of application development. As AI technologies continue to evolve, the emphasis on small, efficient models capable of operating independently of cloud infrastructures could lead to a wider adoption of edge computing paradigms. For Generative AI scientists, the implications are profound; the focus on privacy-first approaches and the need for reliable, deterministic outputs will likely drive innovations in AI model design and deployment. As enterprises seek to mitigate compliance risks and enhance user privacy, the demand for models like FunctionGemma that can operate effectively on-device is expected to rise, fundamentally transforming how AI applications are developed and deployed in various sectors. Conclusion FunctionGemma represents a significant advancement in the field of Generative AI, offering a specialized solution that enhances reliability, privacy, and cost-effectiveness in application development. As the landscape of AI technology continues to evolve, its implications for Generative AI scientists and the broader industry will be profound, paving the way for a new era of localized, efficient AI applications. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

Legal Technology Insights: A Comprehensive Review of 2025 Developments

Contextualizing Legal Tech Developments in 2025 The landscape of legal technology has undergone significant transformation in 2025, marked by the integration of innovative solutions aimed at enhancing efficiency and accessibility within the legal profession. This review encapsulates the foremost stories and trends that defined the year, as highlighted during the recent Legaltech Week event. Legal professionals are increasingly engaging with emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), to streamline processes, enhance client service, and maintain competitive advantage. The live discussions featuring leading legal tech journalists and bloggers serve as a platform for disseminating key insights into these developments. Main Goal and Achievement Strategies The primary goal of the Legaltech Week event is to provide a thorough analysis of the year’s accomplishments and challenges in legal technology, thereby equipping legal professionals with the knowledge required to adapt to an evolving marketplace. Achieving this goal necessitates collaborative discussions and knowledge-sharing among industry experts, which empowers attendees to identify actionable strategies for implementing these technological advancements within their practices. Advantages of Engaging with Legal Tech Innovations The following structured list elucidates several advantages of embracing legal technology, specifically AI, as observed throughout 2025: 1. **Increased Efficiency**: AI tools facilitate the automation of routine tasks, allowing legal professionals to allocate more time to complex legal issues. Evidence from 2025 indicates a marked reduction in the time spent on document review and case research through AI-driven platforms. 2. **Enhanced Client Experience**: Implementing legal tech solutions can significantly improve client interaction. Chatbots and AI-driven communication tools provide clients with immediate responses to queries, fostering a more responsive and client-centric service model. 3. **Cost Reduction**: The integration of legal technology can result in substantial cost savings for law firms. By minimizing labor-intensive processes, firms can reduce overhead costs and offer more competitive pricing for their services. 4. **Data-Driven Decision Making**: Legal analytics tools enable practitioners to leverage data insights for better strategic planning and case management. Firms that adopted these technologies in 2025 reported improved outcomes in case predictions and resource allocation. 5. **Scalability of Services**: Technology enables law firms to scale their operations efficiently, accommodating a larger client base without a corresponding increase in operational costs. This scalability is crucial for firms aiming to grow in a competitive market. Despite these advantages, it is essential to consider certain caveats. The reliance on AI and legal tech may result in potential ethical concerns, particularly regarding data privacy and the implications of machine learning biases. Legal professionals must remain vigilant to ensure compliance with ethical standards while leveraging these technologies. Future Implications of AI Developments in Legal Tech Looking ahead, the trajectory of AI advancements promises to further revolutionize the legal sector. Anticipated developments in natural language processing and machine learning capabilities are expected to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of legal research and contract analysis. Moreover, as AI systems become more sophisticated, the potential for predictive analytics may allow legal professionals to anticipate case outcomes with greater precision. Furthermore, the integration of AI in legal practice raises questions about the evolving role of attorneys. As technology assumes more routine tasks, legal professionals may find their roles shifting towards advisory capacities, emphasizing the need for continuous education and adaptation to new tools and methodologies. In conclusion, the trends and discussions highlighted during Legaltech Week 2025 underscore the critical importance of embracing legal technology and AI within the legal profession. By doing so, legal professionals can not only enhance their operational efficiency but also improve client satisfaction and adapt to the dynamic challenges of the legal landscape. Disclaimer The content on this site is generated using AI technology that analyzes publicly available blog posts to extract and present key takeaways. We do not own, endorse, or claim intellectual property rights to the original blog content. Full credit is given to original authors and sources where applicable. Our summaries are intended solely for informational and educational purposes, offering AI-generated insights in a condensed format. They are not meant to substitute or replicate the full context of the original material. If you are a content owner and wish to request changes or removal, please contact us directly. Source link : Click Here

We'd Love To Hear From You

Transform your business with our AI.

Get In Touch